Table of experimentally determined Human milk oligosaccharides

Click on a glycan structure to open it in GlycoForm

Glycologue IDStructureIUPAC NameAvg. mass (Da)Literature sources
[[f2]L4G][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-4Glcb1-]506.453[1][2][3][7][9][10]
[[L4[f3]Y6][S6L4Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1528.376[1][2][3][7][10]
[[L4Y6][L4Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1090.98[1][2][3][7][9]
[L4[f3]G][Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]Glcb1-]506.453[1][2][3][7][9][10]
[L4Y3L4G][Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]725.646[1][2][3][7][9]
[[f2]L4[f3]G][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]Glcb1-]652.594[1][2][3][7][9]
[[L4[f3]Y6][L3Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1237.121[1][3][7][9]
[[L4Y6][L3Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1090.98[1][3][7][9]
[S6L4Y3L4G][Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1016.901[1][2][3][7][10]
[S6L4G][Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4Glcb1-]651.567[1][2][3][7][10]
[S3L4G][Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]651.567[1][2][3][7][10]
[S3L3[S6]Y3L4G][Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-3[Neu5Aca2-6]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1308.156[1][2][3][7][10]
[L4[f3]Y3L4G][Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]871.787[1][2][3][7][9]
[L3Y3L4G][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]725.646[1][3][7][9]
[[f2]L3[f4]Y3L4G][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1017.928[1][3][7][9]
[[f2]L3Y3L4G][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]871.787[1][3][7][9]
[[S6L4Y6][[f2]L3Y3]L4G][[Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1528.376[1][3][7][10]
[[L4[f3]Y6][[f2]L3[f4]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1529.403[1][3][7][9]
[[L4Y6][[f2]L3Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1237.121[3][7][9]
[S3L3Y3L4G][Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1016.901[1][3][7][10]
[L3[f4]Y3L4[f3]G][Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]Glcb1-]1017.928[1][3][7][9]
[L3[f4]Y3L4G][Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]871.787[1][3][7][9]
[L3[S6]Y3L4G][Galb1-3[Neu5Aca2-6]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1016.901[1][3][7][10]
[[S6L4Y6][L3Y3]L4G][[Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1382.235[1][3][10]
[[L4[f3]Y6][[f2]L3Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1383.262[1][3][9]
[[L4[f3]Y6][L4[f3]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1383.262[1][2][7]
[[L4[f3]Y6][L3[f4]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1383.262[1][3][9]
[[L4Y6][[f2]L3[f4]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1383.262[1][3][9]
[[L4Y3L4Y6][[f2]L3Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1602.455[3][9][10]
[S6L4Y3L4[f3]G][Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]Glcb1-]1163.042[1][3][10]
[S3L4[f3]G][Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]Glcb1-]797.708[1][2][3]
[S3L3[f4]Y3L4G][Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1163.042[1][3][7]
[L4[f3]Y3L4[f3]Y3L4G][Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1383.262[2][3][7]
[L3[f4]Y3L4[f3]Y3L4G][Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1383.262[3][7][9]
[L3Y3L4[f3]G][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]Glcb1-]871.787[1][3][7]
[[f2]L4Y3L4Y3L4G][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1237.121[2][9]
[[[f2]L4[f3]Y6][S6L4Y3]L4G][[[Fuca1-2]Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1674.517[3][10]
[[[f2]L3Y3L4[f3]Y6][[f2]L3Y3]L4G][[[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1894.737[3][9]
[[[L4Y6][L3Y3]L4Y6][L3Y3]L4G][[[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1821.648[1][3]
[[S6L4Y6][[f2]L3[f4]Y3]L4G][[Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][[Fuca1-2]Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1674.517[1][3]
[[S6L4Y6][S6L4Y3]L4G][[Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1673.49[1][2]
[[S6L4Y6][L3[f4]Y3]L4G][[Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1528.376[1][10]
[[L4[f3]Y6][S3L3[f4]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1674.517[1][3]
[[L4[f3]Y6][S3L3Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1528.376[1][10]
[[L4[f3]Y3L4[f3]Y6][L3Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1748.596[3][9]
[[L4Y6][S6L4Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Neu5Aca2-6Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1382.235[1][2]
[[L4Y6][S3L3[f4]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1528.376[1][3]
[[L4Y6][S3L3[S6]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-3[Neu5Aca2-6]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1673.49[1][3]
[[L4Y6][L3[f4]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1237.121[1][9]
[[L4Y6][L3[S6]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3[Neu5Aca2-6]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1382.235[1][10]
[[L4Y3L4[f3]Y6][L3Y3]L4G][[Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1602.455[3][9]
[[L3[f4]Y3L4[f3]Y6][L4Y3]L4G][[Galb1-3[Fuca1-4]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1748.596[3][9]
[[L3Y3L4[f3]Y6][L4[f3]Y3]L4G][[Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-6][Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-3]Galb1-4Glcb1-]1748.596[3][9]
[L4Y3L4[f3]Y3L4G][Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1237.121[3][9]
[L4Y3L4Y3L4G][Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1090.98[1][2]
[L3Y3L4[f3]Y3L4G][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4[Fuca1-3]GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1237.121[3][9]
[L3Y3L4Y3L4G][Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-]1090.98[1][9]
References  [Return to top]

1. Chen, Xi. 2015. Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS). In Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, 72:113–90. Elsevier. [PubMed][DOI]

2. Prudden, A.R., Liu, L., Chantelle, J., Capicciotti, Wolfert, M.A., Wang, S., Gao, Z., Meng, L., Moremen, K.W. and Boons, G.-J. (2017) “Synthesis of Asymmetrical Multiantennary Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 114 (27): 6954–59. [PubMed][DOI]

3. Remoroza, C.A., Mak, T.D., De Leoz, M.L.A., Mirokhin, Y.A. and Stein, S.E. (2018) Creating a Mass Spectral Reference Library for Oligosaccharides in Human Milk. Analytical Chemistry 90 (15): 8977–8988. [PubMed][DOI]

4. Samuel, T.M., Binia, A., de Castro, C.A. et al. Impact of maternal characteristics on human milk oligosaccharide composition over the first 4 months of lactation in a cohort of healthy European mothers. Sci Rep 9, 11767 (2019). [PubMed][DOI]

5. Smith, D. F., Zorf, D. A. & Ginsburg, V. Fractionation of sialyl oligosaccharides of human milk by ion-exchange chromatography. Analytical Biochemistry 85, 602–608 (1978). [PubMed][DOI]

6. Tachibana, Y., Yamashita, K. & Kobata, A. Oligosaccharides of human milk: Structural studies of Di- and trifucosyl derivatives of lacto-N-octaose and lacto-N-neooctaose. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 188, 83–89 (1978). [PubMed][DOI]

7. Thurl, S., Munzert, M. Boehm, G., Matthews, C. and Stahl, B. (2017) Systematic Review of the Concentrations of Oligosaccharides in Human Milk. Nutrition Reviews 75 (11): 920–933 [PubMed][DOI]

8. Urashima, T., Hirabayashi, J., Sato, S. and Kobata, A. (2018) Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins. Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, 30, SE51.

9. Wu, S., Tao, N., German, J.B., Grimm, R., and Lebrilla, C.B. (2010) Development of an Annotated Library of Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Journal of Proteome Research 9 (8): 4138–4151. [PubMed][DOI]

10. Wu, S., Grimm, R., German, J.B., and Lebrilla, C.B. (2011) Annotation and Structural Analysis of Sialylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides.” Journal of Proteome Research 10 (2): 856–868. [PubMed][DOI]